What are the top signs that your family is basically a cult centered around a strong personality, a matriarch or a patriarch, with minor narcissists and codependents as supporting cast promulgating the leader's agenda?
Good catch! I think you are spot on in your analysis of dysfunctional family dynamics centered around a narcissist authority figure, with the spouse and/or partner as codependent ‘supporting cast’ (AKA “Flying Monkeys”) helping the narcissist (Cult Leader) impose their reality and their will upon the rest of the family members.
I find that the BITE [1] model is useful for examining cult dynamics. The cult leader will attempt to control their followers’ Behavior, Information, Thoughts, and Emotions. Narcissists attempt to do the same to their family members, partners, flying monkeys, etc.
Behavior Control
1. Regulate individual’s physical reality
2. Dictate where, how, and with whom the member lives and associates or isolates
3. When, how and with whom the member has sex
4. Control types of clothing and hairstyles
5. Regulate diet - food and drink, hunger and/or fasting
6. Manipulation and deprivation of sleep
7. Financial exploitation, manipulation or dependence
8. Restrict leisure, entertainment, vacation time
9. Major time spent with group indoctrination and rituals and/or self indoctrination including the Internet
10. Permission required for major decisions
11. Thoughts, feelings, and activities (of self and others) reported to superiors
12. Rewards and punishments used to modify behaviors, both positive and negative
13. Discourage individualism, encourage group-think
14. Impose rigid rules and regulations
15. Punish disobedience by beating, torture, burning, cutting, rape, or tattooing/branding
16. Threaten harm to family and friends [in the case of N. abuser family model: the narc parent will also threaten to harm, kill, or ‘get rid of’ family pets as punishment, or actually do so.]
17. Force individual to rape or be raped [sexual abuse & incest become family secrets that the victims are made to feel guilty and ashamed of--the narc will use their feelings of shame and secrecy to manipulate them and make sure that they will never trust outsiders or form bonds with people outside the family who might help them escape]
18. Instill dependency and obedience [parental Narc will withhold allowances, not allow children to form normal friendships, will either not allow or put many rules on a child who is trying to engage in normal ‘growing up’ milestones such as getting a learner’s permit, drivers license, car, summer job, their own bank account, etc.]
19. Encourage and engage in corporal punishment [parental Narc will usually be physically abusive as well as emotionally abusive. Or parental Narc will give the job of physical punishment of the children to their spouse, partner, or a hand-picked ‘golden child’ who will comply or else face physical abuse themselves, leading to more guilt, shame, and family secrets]
Information Control
1. Deception:
`a. Deliberately withhold information
b. Distort information to make it more acceptable
c. Systematically lie to the cult member [family member/target/victim]
2. Minimize or discourage access to non-cult sources of information, including:
a. Internet, TV, radio, books, articles, newspapers, magazines, other media
b. Critical information
c. Former members [in the case of Narc family: other family members, such as grandparents, aunts or uncles who might provide a life line and a way out of the sick family unit]
d. Keep members busy so they don’t have time to think and investigate
e. Control through cell phone with texting, calls, internet tracking
3. Compartmentalize information into Outsider vs. Insider doctrines [family abuse, incest, etc. become family secrets that are not to be told to anyone, guilt and shame makes the children feel isolated and untrusting of outsiders]
a. Ensure that information is not freely accessible
b. Control information at different levels and missions within group
c. Allow only leadership to decide who needs to know what and when
4. Encourage spying on other members
a. Impose a buddy system to monitor and control member
b. Report deviant thoughts, feelings and actions to leadership
c. Ensure that individual behavior is monitored by group
5. Extensive use of cult-generated information and propaganda, including:
a. Newsletters, magazines, journals, audiotapes, videotapes, YouTube, movies and other media
b. Misquoting statements or using them out of context from non-cult sources
6. Unethical use of confession
a. Information about 'sins' used to disrupt and/or dissolve identity boundaries
b. Withholding forgiveness or absolution
c. Manipulation of memory, possible false memories.
Thought Control
1. Require members to internalize the group’s doctrine as truth
a. Adopting the group's ‘map of reality’ as reality
b. Instill black and white thinking
c. Decide between good vs. evil
d. Organize people into us vs. them (insiders vs. outsiders)
2. Change person’s name and identity
3. Use of loaded language and clichés which constrict knowledge, stop critical thoughts and reduce complexities into platitudinous buzz words
4. Encourage only ‘good and proper’ thoughts
5. Hypnotic techniques are used to alter mental states, undermine critical thinking and even to age regress the member
6. Memories are manipulated and false memories are created
7. Teaching thought-stopping techniques which shut down reality testing by stopping negative thoughts and allowing only positive thoughts, including:
a. Denial, rationalization, justification, wishful thinking
b. Chanting (repetition of meaningless or emotionally charged slogans, mottoes, or buzz-words replace independent, critical thinking--"it is what it is," "let go and let god," "preacher/dad/mom/Rush is always right," )
c. Meditating
d. Praying
e. Speaking in tongues
f. Singing or humming
8. Rejection of rational analysis, critical thinking, constructive criticism
9. Forbid critical questions about leader, doctrine, or policy allowed
10. Labeling alternative belief systems as illegitimate, evil, or not useful
11. Instill new “map of reality”
Emotional Control
1. Manipulate and narrow the range of feelings – some emotions and/or needs are deemed as evil, wrong or selfish
2. Teach emotion-stopping techniques to block feelings of homesickness, anger, doubt
3. Make the person feel that problems are always their own fault, never the leader’s or the group’s fault
4. Promote feelings of guilt or unworthiness, such as
a. Identity guilt
b. You are not living up to your potential
c. Your family is deficient [the narcissist spouse will tell the codependent spouse/partner(s) that their own family of origin was the sick and wrong one, that they were ‘not raised right’ and that it is therefore now the narcissist’s job to teach them how to behave]
d. Your past is suspect
e. Your affiliations are unwise
f. Your thoughts, feelings, actions are irrelevant or selfish
g. Social guilt
h. Historical guilt
5. Instill fear, such as fear of:
a. Thinking independently
b. The outside world
c. Enemies
d. Losing one’s salvation
e. Leaving or being shunned by the group
f. Other’s disapproval
6. Extremes of emotional highs and lows – love bombing and praise one moment and then declaring you are a horrible sinner
7. Ritualistic and sometimes public confession of sins
8. Phobia indoctrination: inculcating irrational fears about leaving the group or questioning the leader’s authority
a. No happiness or fulfillment possible outside of the group
b. Terrible consequences if you leave: hell, demon possession, incurable diseases, accidents, suicide, insanity, 10,000 reincarnations, etc.
c. Shunning of those who leave; fear of being rejected by friends and family
d. Never a legitimate reason to leave; those who leave are weak, undisciplined, unspiritual, worldly, brainwashed by family or counselor, or seduced by money, sex, or rock and roll
e. Threats of harm to ex-member and family[2]
I find a lot of similarity between a dysfunctional family centered around a narcissist parent and a cult.
- Focus is on the wants and needs of the cult leader/Narcissist.
- Their version of reality is the correct version.--They will gaslight and abuse if you disagree about reality or what happened.
- Spouse/partner(s) and children are not allowed to have needs, thoughts, or feelings that deviate from those of the leader/narcissist/abuser.
- In many cases, the followers (children, spouse, partners) are treated as tools or toys rather than human beings.
- The cult leader/Narc is obsessed with power and control, often preoccupied with maintaining a false image of wealth, beauty, success, or other outward appearance of socially acceptable and desirable traits.
- The cult leader/narcissist uses their followers/victims as props, and takes their resources without consideration.
- The narc/cult leader/abuser blames outsiders and/or their followers/victims for any negative outcomes—bad things are never a result of their own behavior, but because the followers didn’t believe or pray hard enough, because the victim disobeyed the leader, or because outsiders are persecuting the leader and their followers.
- No matter what happens, the leader will not accept blame or responsibility. The abuser will use whatever consequences occur as a way to solidify their control of their victim(s) and cut them off from friends, family, external sources of support, information that counteracts the cult leader’s lies, or anything that might provide the victim with a path to freedom.
In all honesty, yes, I see cults and narcissistic abuse as the same thing, the only difference is a matter of scale.Footnotes
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